Netherlands - Vehicle Crime Barrier

ENTRY

Opportunities

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Signals

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Facilitators

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Partners

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Barriers

Identification of country of origin
Enquiring about destination/place of residence
Use ANPR/KMAR @MIGO-BORAS profile. Pattern recognition and data analysis.
Data exchange with the police (‘rogue countries’)
Information exchange with Baltic states
Instruct Customs (ask the right questions)
Expand LIV contacts with importers/manufacturers for faster and easier access to unique data
Insight into individuals on flights: questionable ‘frequent flyers’ (known to the police in their country of origin)
Airport profiling
Passport control (plus enquiry as to destination/place of residence)
Identification of patterns: e.g. returning individuals from a specific country
PPP data exchange
Give address on arrival (as required in other countries on arrival by air)
Collaboration with KMAR (Customs data)
International passenger lists, use of ‘flagging system’
SIS ANPR
Set up European criteria
Searching questions about the purpose of the trip and check whether the stated purpose matches luggage, etc.

STAY

Opportunities

Ability to stay at holiday parks
Ability to book a place of residence/accommodation
No night register (or no oversight)
Only the main tenant registered
Shared place of residence: a group of native Dutch people (family ties and friends at ‘the campsite’)
No contact with AirBnB: easy for customers to collect keys
With AirBnB, you can obtain ‘verified’ status, in which case no checks are performed
Possibility to be and remain anonymous
Small villages can be vulnerable, as they also have fewer resources

Signals

Businessmen who travel to a holiday park instead of a hotel
Not bringing family
Frequently active at night and often absent from the holiday park
Multiple adult males who ‘gather’ at a location
Cash payments
Many foreign number plates at holiday parks
Tenants are collected by vans
Luggage does not match the type of stay (e.g., three-week stay, but small hand luggage)
Curtains shut during the day
Leaving the site at specific times
Little to no WiFi use

Facilitators

Holiday parks
Lodging/accommodation providers
Internet
Transport
Municipality: no oversight of the night register
Brokers (for example Booking.com): flags on the combination of special details
Fellow countrymen who are in the Netherlands and who help to arrange a place of residence or the ‘offenders’ stay with them
Straw men (e.g., cottage is rented for €250 by ‘housewives’ who then disappear)

Partners

N/A

Barriers

Verifiable registration of tenants and visitors
Use of a Digital Night Register
Municipal oversight of the registration of tenants and visitors
Exchange PPP registration of tenants and visitors
Register all tenants
ANPR camera on access roads to holiday parks
Inform holiday park owners
Location analysis and more targeted use of ANPR at hubs
Awareness of holiday parks
Awareness among ‘brokers’
Contact with local police
Make preventive rounds (police car checks as in the case of ‘parking checks’, police car that is scanning for ‘parking’ can make an additional trip to the holiday park)
Meld Misdaad Anoniem (Crimestoppers NL) campaign
Winter season enforcement (Licensing, Supervision, and Enforcement)
Allow VNG security region to intervene alongside mayor
Reinforce local triumvirate
A single entry route

INFRASTRUCTURE

Opportunities

Anonymous travel through the Netherlands
Good infrastructure in the Netherlands
No toll in the Netherlands
No checks in the Netherlands
Good signposting (no navigation required)
Use of rental cars (rental companies)
Use of vehicles/cars of fellow countrymen in the Netherlands (making use of their network)
Use of trains
Use of a folding bicycle

Signals

Polish/Lithuanian carriers with light commercial vehicles
Non-fluorescent blue tape on number plates
False number plates
German number plates (KLE/BOR) in border regions with Germany
Many German rental cars

Facilitators

Polish/Lithuanian carriers with light commercial vehicles
NL criminals through training and instruction
Rental companies
Straw men (with ICT evidence)
Rental companies
NS/ProRai

Partners

N/A

Barriers

Tracker
Contact with police and investigation agencies
More targeted use of ANPR at hubs
Information exchange with police systems
System analysis (e.g., TomTom and traffic information services)
PPP exchange
ANPR: also use to recognize false number plates (pop-up appears in the event of a false number plate)
Analysis of information from the National Law Enforcement Database on German rental cars found to contain Dutch citizens
Analysis of commercial vehicles/cars departing from or arriving in the Netherlands
Use sensing as analysis
Data exchange with the private sector (insurance) about e.g. place of residence, cars, vessel, etc.
Targeted data retrieval from the private sector
Effective data exchange between multiple parties involved
Better data sharing by imposing/reaching agreements where applicable
Require holiday letting websites (such as Airbnb and Booking.com) to share their data with local authorities

PREPARATION

Opportunities

Ability to use the internet to look up how to break into a car. There are websites that explain how to get into a car (for example, if your keys are still in the car, but the car is locked)
Google Street View: makes it possible to identify vehicle locations in advance. The images may not be up to date, but thieves can look at each neighborhood to identify those with the most potential.
Ability to discreetly walk/drive circuits around the neighborhood
Victimhood presents an opportunity to strike again: if a steering wheel is stolen from a car, it will be replaced. The steering wheel can then be stolen again later, because the offender knows the location of the car, and it is often the same car.
‘Order’ list: a list of cars that offenders are looking for is available in advance. The theft is organised.
The Kiwa website provides information about alarm systems (vehicle security by registration number)
Straw men
‘Beldome’: site for theft of tools, etc.
Misuse of sale sites –> MP
Moles at dealers/insurers/services, etc.
RDW –> OVI –> Retrieval of public information about vehicles
Employees of parcel companies (such as DHL or Fedex) who are hired (by a criminal offender group) to look out for a specific car or type of car during their rounds and to pass on these address details to the criminal offender group.

Signals

Unfamiliar cars that drive through the neighborhood multiple times
Knowledge of modus operandi (for the theft of cars and automotive parts)
Inquiries on sites such as RDW/KIWA. Questions focused on how the car works, etc.
Criminals who use a tracker. This is attached to the underside (Police conceal trackers more).
Well-prepared offenders: they know how (without leaving evidence)

Facilitators

Google Street View
Websites such as Kiwa and RDA
Websites: car sales sites

Partners

N/A

Barriers

More targeted use of ANPR
Number plate registration
RDW: log those who access information about number plates
Awareness among the general public: be careful with information on number plates and vehicle registration certificates
Awareness of the modus operandi among the police
Police follow-up of modus operandi
Use data analysis

CRIME

Opportunities

Stickers on parts of the car can be removed
Possible to break open the lock
Attaching a track and trace device to the underside of the vehicle (for example, after identifying attractive vehicles at a supermarket. A tracker is attached to a target. The offenders then know where the car is going and where it is parked.)
Faking number plates
Ability to remove number plate
Unattended parking areas
Car manufacturers have differing interests and different patterns of expectations
Car rental/lease: rental or lease cars are not returned (misappropriation)
Keyless Entry (one of the measures)
Relay attack
Walking around the neighborhood unnoticed at night and seizing opportunities to commit theft
Popularity of the car ensures high demand and supply (easy to trade)
Theft is a local problem, therefore no national alignment and coordination

Signals

Forged number plates
Large number of jerry cans in the car (to avoid the need to stop at a petrol station, because you have to turn off the car there. Then you cannot start it back up again without a key) (no longer very recent)
Abnormal patterns (system auto-recognises patterns e.g. leaving around 8 a.m. Monday – Friday, etc.)
Jammer detection (no coverage/WiFi, etc.)
Use of certain communication equipment
Signs of number plate theft
Broken car headlight (can show that a wire at the wheel has been disconnected), for example in the case of the Toyota Landcruiser and RAV4
Certain cars that drive around at night can be a suspicious sign
Use of a jammer (if you are driving and suddenly lose signal, this can be an indication of a jammer)

Facilitators

Network
Transport
Tool providers
Internet to be able to buy stuff online
Hardware vendor only permitted to sell to licensed buyers (accredited companies)

Partners

N/A

Barriers

STORAGE

Opportunities

Ability to use a lock-up garage
Ability to use a warehouse
Ability to lease lock-up garages and warehouses
Use of containers (storage and transport)
Caravan site: stolen car is left in meadowland
Parking the car somewhere temporarily and waiting until it is collected (for example in a hotel parking space)
Stolen vehicles are often parked along the street in cities. The offenders then wait to see if the car is traced by the police or a private investigation agency.
Containers are used to store stolen cars: the car remains in the container for a few days
Cars are stored in a yard or even in greenhouses

Signals

Vehicles that do not belong there in terms of residence and owner
A scrapyard (car dismantling company) is busier at night than during the day
Scrapping of foreign vehicles (non-reusable)
No damage to the vehicle on scrapping
Scrapping of new and reasonably new vehicles
Lots of catalytic converters at iron traders
Car has been in a car park for more than x number of days (e.g., 5 days)
Cars that use a jammer

Facilitators

Lock-up garages
Warehouses
Workshops
Mala fide car dismantling company
Lessors of lock-up garages/warehouses

Partners

N/A

Barriers

Track and trace
Jammer detector (for the use of jammers that interfere with GPS trackers)
Equip police vehicles with jammer/jammer detector
Equip parking management vehicles with jammer/jammer detector
Police use location data on connected cars through LIV
Number plate registration
Make better use of manufacturer information (what information?)
Network of supervisory authorities (RDW, environmental service, Regional Implementing Agencies). Look at modus operandi and theft of parts with different eyes.
Also deploy ANPR at car parks
Q-Park and ANPR: alert to the owner and alert to the police
Information campaigns for owners of lock-up garages/warehouses on the consequences of subletting and the consequences for them as lessor to a mala fide tenant

TRANSPORT

Opportunities

Use of the port (for example in Rotterdam, Amsterdam and small ports (post-theft: papers are prepared in advance, because a list has been drawn up in advance of the cars that will be in the container))
Use of roads to other countries (close to the border)
Ability to use exit routes
Ability to easily obtain an export registration number (transit registration plate)
Demand and supply
Stickers on automotive parts
Customs has information, but this information is not passed on to the police

Signals

Containers destined for Ghana (often full of stolen cars)
Container weight does not match reported ‘bill of load’
Container weight: certain containers may not match the consignment note
Collecting containers at special locations
Consignment notes with matching details (the same telephone number, etc.)
Last-minute need to load a car into a container
Tractors/semi-trailers (closed semi-trailers) going abroad

Facilitators

Customs (port): someone must approve the papers
Carrier (container shipper)
Shipper (who can turn a blind eye)
Container company
Lorry driver who is not aware of the content of his lorry/what he is carrying
Harbour master/port supervisory authorities

Partners

N/A

Barriers

Contact with police
Inspection of containers
More attention to recovered vehicles in the broadest sense: fingerprints, location, items left behind, technical MO, name of shipper/container owner, destinations, vessel names, etc.
Demonstrate that the car is in the port (tracker) (because it features on the consignment notes)
Number plate registration
Introduce and enforce DOR (Second-Hand Dealer Digital Register) (starting with high-risk areas)
Make better use of manufacturer information (what information?)
Tackle undermining
Check ‘bill of load’ against weight (if they appear to differ)
Transport analysis (particularly if anomalies have been identified)
Campaigns abroad with Interpol and other organisations/authorities
Employee screening
No further changes to cargo x hours prior to departure (for example 16/24 hours)
Fine or order subject to a penalty for cargo that is too heavy
Introduce responsibility for cargo: for example lorry driver who is made responsible for the cargo he is carrying
Subject the transport sector to the Public Administration (Probity Screening) Act (also for undermining)
Supervisory authorities/harbour masters must be competent and aware of criminal activity and undermining: for example they must be able to read consignment notes
Continuous education on vehicle crime for the police and Royal Netherlands Military Constabulary (KMar). This can also be done using factsheets or briefings

PROFIT

Opportunities

Demand and supply for parts
Demand and supply for cars
Lucrative business
Fast trade
Low chance of being caught
Burden of proof is difficult
Penalties are low (and are often imposed after a long time)
Business that does not meet the conditions
Fraud: insurance fraud, lease fraud (due to lease contracts)
Simultaneous registration in multiple countries possible
Large cash payments possible At wholesalers large cash payments are possible when returning items
Use of crypto (untraceable), making unaccountable assets difficult to prove
Use of another company as a front

Signals

Fast-growing businesses
Unaccountably wealthy individuals (high turnover, but no activity)
Import and export trading companies
Rapid emergence and disappearance of businesses
Purchasing but not registering old timers/replicas
Businesses show no activity but are active for tax purposes
Demand and supply for parts
Demand and supply for cars
Lucrative business
Fast trade
Low chance of being caught
Burden of proof is difficult
Penalties are low (and are often imposed after a long time)
Business that does not meet the conditions
Fraud: insurance fraud, lease fraud (due to lease contracts)
Simultaneous registration in multiple countries possible
Large cash payments possible At wholesalers large cash payments are possible when returning items
Use of crypto (untraceable), making unaccountable assets difficult to prove
Use of another company as a front

Facilitators

Chamber of Commerce for setting up a company
Civil-law notaries for shady financial transactions
Businesses (nail salons, chip shops, pizzerias, massage salons, hairdressers, automotive companies/dealerships) used for money laundering
Lease companies
Insurers
Municipalities

Partners

N/A

Barriers

The Dutch Barrier Model

ENTRY

STAY

INFRASTRUCTURE

PREPARATION

CRIME

STORAGE

TRANSPORT

PROFIT

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