The Italian Barrier Model

The Italian barrier model, tailored for the specific challenges in the market of stolen motor vehicles and parts, focuses on the steps of Entry, Stay, and Infrastructure. It effectively highlights critical aspects of vehicle crime, including the identification of opportunities, facilitators, and barriers.

Click the “+” symbol for more information on each step. Explore the detailed insights in our report to learn more about the barrier model.

ENTRY
  1. Geographical position of Italy
  2. Mafia-type organisations
  3. Open borders in Schengen area
  4. Low-cost flights

N/A

Transportation hubs

Border police

Controls i border areas

STAY
  1. Criminal associations and mafia-type organisations
  2. Community networks
  3. Employment availability
  4. Lack of proper controls of farmers
  5. Visible gathering of workers in public places
  1. Criminal associations and mafia-type organizations
  2. Farmers and farmlands
  3. Local daily movement of people
  1. Farmers
  2. Criminal associations and mafia-type organizations
  3. Employment agencies
  4. Social and cultural factors
  1. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  2. National Labour Inspectorate
  3. Local residents
  1. Surveillance and patrolling activities
  2. Worldwide car manufacturers
  3. Local municipalities
  4. 3-year National Plan against labor exploitation and illegal hiring in agriculture
INFRASTRUCTURE
  1. High availability of utility and high-end vehicles
  2. Unique standardized cryptography
  3. Areas with a high concentration of motor vehicles
  4. The Internet
  5. Online websites and platforms
  6. E-commerce
  7. Small rental agencies
  1. Unsurveilled parking lots
  2. Car rental agencies
  3. Suspicious people
  1. Surface and deep web
  2. Small rental agencies
  3. Old car models
  1. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  2. Residents and owners of commercial premises
  3. Local municipalities
  4. Private security agencies
  1. Patrolling of at-risk spots/areas
  2. Cooperation and collaboration between stakeholders
  3. Owners of commercial premises
  4. Information sharing
  5. State Police
  6. Community Watch Programmes
CRIME
  1. Areas with a high concentration of motor vehicles
  2. Unique standardized cryptography
  3. High profits for criminal entrepreneurs and low risk of detection
  4. Financial gain for local mafia-type organizations
  5. Car rental and leasing agencies
  6. Victims suffering the crime
  7. Signs of physical and social disorder
  1. Convergence of time, space, and location
  2. Discard parts and pieces of stolen motor vehicles
  3. Cash-up front payments
  4. Possession of tailored equipment
  1. Criminal associations
  2. Malicious scrap dealers
  3. Malicious car dealerships
  4. The Internet
  5. Web and apps
  6. Car rental and leasing agencies
  7. Insurance companies
  8. Public Automobile Register (PRA)
  9. Cultural and social factors
  1. Car manufacturers
  2. Car dealership
  3. Online shops and sellers
  4. Insurance companies
  5. Security companies
  6. Public Automobile Register (PRA)
  7. Car rental and leasing agencies
  1. National government, LEAs, judiciary
  2. Worldwide car manufacturers
  3. National car manufacturers and LEAs
  4. Ministry of the Interior and Ministry of Transport
  5. Car rental agencies
  6. Local municipalities
STORAGE
  1. High concentration of chop shops
  2. Isolated countryside spots
  3. Illegal printing premises
  4. Covert public/private areas
  5. Criminal organisations and legal professionals

N/A

  1. Underground market contacts
  2. Unscrupulous auto mechanics and auto body shops
  3. Malicious second-hand car dealerships
  4. Legal scrap dealers
  5. Launderers
  6. Second fencers
  1. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  2. Insurance companies
  3. Private security agencies
  4. Private security companies
  5. Fiscal Police and National Labour Inspectorate
  6. Local residents/communities
  1. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  2. Local municipalities
  3. General population and residents
  4. Local residents/communities
TRANSPORT
  1. Native criminal associations
  2. Lack of employment
  3. Geographical location
  4. Open borders
  5. Second-hand motor vehicle market
  6. Online trade
  7. Training and resources for LEAs
  8. Border police corruption
  9. Prices in the legal market
  1. Suspicious pricing of automotive products
  2. Missing or not original documents
  3. Luxury cars for international markets
  4. Suspicious sellers in public spaces
  5. Second-hand car dealers
  6. Cash payments
  1. Classified ads platforms
  2. Launderers
  3. Corruption of border police
  4. Employees at ports
  5. Postal companies
  1. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  2. National Customs Agency and Monopoly Agency
  3. State Postal Police
  4. Interpol and Europol
  5. Classified ad platforms
  6. Postal companies
  1. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
  2. Information sharing
  3. Anti-corruption measures
  4. KCY procedures
  5. State Postal Police
  6. Postal companies
PROFIT

Cash payments

Cash flows

Cash payments

  1. LEAs and judiciary
  2. National governments and financial institutions
  3. ICT resolutions
  1. LEAs and judiciary
  2. National government and financial institutions
  3. ICT resolutions